LinguaThree tools from this unit
You can now make any noun plural, say that something exists with hay, and point at things at three distances with este / ese / aquel. Everything below is a reminder, not new material – read it once and go straight to the exercises.
| Singular | Plural | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| el amigo | los amigos | vowel + s |
| la ciudad | las ciudades | consonant + es |
| el lápiz | los lápices | z becomes c |
| la canción | las canciones | the tilde goes |
| el joven | los jóvenes | a tilde appears |
| el lunes | los lunes | no change |
Hay against está
| You want to say | Verb | Goes with | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| something exists | hay | un, una, unos, unas, dos, tres… | Hay un banco. |
| nothing exists | no hay | the bare noun or nada | No hay pan. |
| where a known thing is | está, están | el, la, los, las | El banco está aquí. |
The three distances
| By me | By you | Far away |
|---|---|---|
| este, esta, estos, estas | ese, esa, esos, esas | aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas |
| esto | eso | aquello |
| aquí | ahí | allí |
En esta calle hay dos farmacias y no hay ningún banco.On this street there are two pharmacies and no bank at all.
Aquellos jóvenes son estudiantes de la ciudad.Those young people over there are students from the city.
Words in this lesson
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| los amigos | the friends | Mis amigos viven en Madrid. My friends live in Madrid. |
| las ciudades | the cities | Las ciudades españolas son antiguas. Spanish cities are old. |
| los lápices | the pencils | Los lápices están en la mochila. The pencils are in the backpack. |
| las canciones | the songs | Me gustan las canciones de este grupo. I like this band's songs. |
| hay | there is, there are | En el jardín hay flores. In the garden there are flowers. |
| no hay | there is no, there are no | Hoy no hay clase. There is no class today. |
| ese | that (masculine) | Ese señor es el director. That gentleman is the director. |
| aquella | that (far, feminine) | Aquella tienda es barata. That shop over there is cheap. |
| esto | this (unnamed thing) | ¿Esto es tuyo? Is this yours? |
| ahí | there (by you) | Tu libro está ahí. Your book is there. |
Exercises
This lesson has 10 exercises in the app:
- multiple choice: 3
- match the pairs: 2
- fill the gap: 2
- build the sentence: 1
- translate the sentence: 1
- listen and type: 1
Try the first one
Which pair of singular and plural is correct?
The answer, the other exercises, the audio and your progress are in the app – free at A0 and A1.