One case doing three jobs
This unit added a single set of endings, and then used it three times: for the thing a verb acts on, for the person a verb acts on, and for the place somebody is heading to after в or на. Three questions, one form.
Here is the whole of it on one screen. Nothing below is new – if a row surprises you, go back to the lesson it came from before you take the exercises.
| Kind of noun | What happens | Example |
|---|---|---|
| feminine in -а | -а → -у | книга → книгу |
| feminine in -я | -я → -ю | песня → песню |
| masculine thing | no change | билет → билет |
| masculine person | adds -а | сосед → соседа |
| neuter | no change | письмо → письмо |
Кого? for people, Что? for things
Only masculine nouns split. A living being adds -а, a thing adds nothing, and the pronouns have their own short forms that never take a preposition after a plain verb.
| Subject | Object | In a sentence |
|---|---|---|
| я | меня | Он знает меня |
| ты | тебя | Я жду тебя |
| он | его | Мы видим его |
| она | её | Я слушаю её |
| мы | нас | Они любят нас |
| вы | вас | Мы ждём вас |
| они | их | Я знаю их |
Где? and Куда? one last time
The preposition is the same in both columns, so it tells you nothing. The verb does: somebody moving needs the direction form, somebody staying keeps -е. A borrowed word like кафе never changes and stands in both columns unaltered.
| Position – Где? | Direction – Куда? | Place |
|---|---|---|
| в кафе | в кафе | a café |
| на рынке | на рынок | the market |
| в театре | в театр | the theatre |
| на стадионе | на стадион | the stadium |
| дома | домой | home |
Я встречаю сестру и приглашаю её в кафе.I meet my sister and invite her to a café.
Куда ты идёшь? – Я иду на стадион.Where are you going? – I am going to the stadium.
Words in this lesson
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| билет | ticket | Я покупаю билет в театр. I am buying a ticket for the theatre. |
| чай | tea | Он пьёт чай дома. He drinks tea at home. |
| суп | soup | Мы едим суп. We are eating soup. |
| кафе | café | Наше кафе сегодня открыто. Our café is open today. |
| рынок | market | Мы идём на рынок. We are going to the market. |
| стадион | stadium | Новый стадион очень большой. The new stadium is very big. |
| урок | lesson | Урок начинается сейчас. The lesson is starting now. |
| приглашать | to invite | Я приглашаю друга в кафе. I am inviting my friend to a café. |
| встречать | to meet | Она встречает подругу. She is meeting her friend. |
| заказывать | to order | Мы заказываем суп и чай. We are ordering soup and tea. |
Exercises
This lesson has 10 exercises in the app:
- fill the gap: 2
- multiple choice: 3
- match the pairs: 1
- translate the sentence: 2
- build the sentence: 1
- listen and type: 1
Try the first one
A girl is paying for a seat at the theatre: Она покупает ___.
The answer, the other exercises, the audio and your progress are in the app – free at A0 and A1.