I, gli, le: plurals

Libri, case, notti: the plural of nouns

Italian makes the plural by changing the last vowel, not by adding -s. -o becomes -i: libro → libri. -a becomes -e: casa → case. -e becomes -i, whatever the gender: notte → notti, chiave → chiavi. Watch the spelling of amico and amica: the masculine plural amici has a soft c (like “chee”), while the feminine amiche keeps the hard k sound with an h.

SingularPlural
il libroi libri
la casale case
la nottele notti
l'amicogli amici
l'amicale amiche
lo studentegli studenti
lo ziogli zii

I, gli, le: the plural articles

Each singular article has its plural. Il becomes i: i libri. Lo and the masculine l' both become gli: gli studenti, gli zii, gli amici, gli occhi. La and the feminine l' both become le: le case, le amiche. So Italian has seven definite articles in all: il, lo, l', la – i, gli, le. Gli is said like the “lli” in “million”, as one soft sound.

Singular articlePlural articleExample
ilii libri
logligli zii
l' (masculine)gligli amici
lalele case
l' (feminine)lele amiche

I caffè, le città: plurals that do not change

Some nouns stay the same in the plural, and only the article tells you there is more than one. These are nouns that end in an accented vowel – il caffè → i caffè, la città → le città – and words from other languages that end in a consonant: il bar → i bar, il film → i film. Italian never adds an -s to them.

Gli amici di Marco sono in città.Marco’s friends are in town.

Ho due amiche a Roma e tre amici a Milano.I have two friends (women) in Rome and three friends in Milan.

Words in this lesson

WordMeaningExample
i libribooksI libri di Anna sono in italiano.
Anna’s books are in Italian.
le casehousesLe case di Venezia sono molto belle.
The houses in Venice are very beautiful.
gli studentistudentsGli studenti sono pronti.
The students are ready.
gli amicifriendsGli amici di Luca sono simpatici.
Luca’s friends are nice.
le amichefriends (women)Le amiche di Sara sono spagnole.
Sara’s friends are Spanish.
i caffècoffees; cafésDue caffè, per favore!
Two coffees, please!
le cittàcities, townsRoma e Napoli sono due città del sud.
Rome and Naples are two cities in the south.
i barcafés, barsIn via Roma ci sono tre bar.
There are three cafés in via Roma.
i filmfilms, moviesPaolo ha molti film italiani.
Paolo has a lot of Italian films.
gli ziiuncles; uncle and auntGli zii di Marco abitano a Napoli.
Marco’s uncle and aunt live in Naples.
le chiavikeysLe chiavi sono qui!
The keys are here!
gli occhieyesIl bambino ha gli occhi verdi.
The child has green eyes.

Exercises

This lesson has 10 exercises in the app:

  • fill the gap: 3
  • multiple choice: 2
  • match the pairs: 1
  • build the sentence: 1
  • translate the sentence: 2
  • listen and type: 1

Try the first one

Complete with the right article: ___ amici di Marco sono simpatici.

  1. I
  2. Le
  3. Gli

The answer, the other exercises, the audio and your progress are in the app – free at A0 and A1.