Il, lo, la, l': the definite article

Il libro, la casa: masculine and feminine

Every Italian noun is either masculine or feminine – even things. The ending helps: a noun in -o is usually masculine (il libro, the book), a noun in -a is usually feminine (la casa, the house). A noun in -e can be either: il pane (bread) is masculine, la notte (night) and la chiave (key) are feminine. Nouns that end in an accented vowel, like il caffè and la città, also have to be learned one by one. That is why you always learn a noun together with its article: not libro, but il libro.

nouns in -o (usually masculine)nouns in -a (usually feminine)nouns in -e (either)
il librola casail pane
lo zainol'acquala notte
l'amicol'orala chiave

Il, lo, la or l'? Look at the first sound

The article “the” depends on the gender and on how the next word begins. Masculine nouns take il before most consonants (il libro, il caffè), but lo before s + consonant (lo studente), before z (lo zaino, lo zucchero) and before gn, ps and y (lo yogurt). Feminine nouns take la (la casa). Before a vowel, both lose their vowel and take an apostrophe: l'amico (masculine), l'acqua, l'ora (feminine). The apostrophe is written straight against the noun, with no space.

ArticleWhenExample
ilmasculine, most consonantsil libro, il pane
lomasculine, s + consonant, z, gn, ps, ylo studente, lo zaino
lafeminine, consonantla casa, la notte
l'masculine or feminine, vowell'amico, l'acqua

Il caffè, lo zucchero e l'acqua sono qui.The coffee, the sugar and the water are here.

– Dov'è lo zaino? – È a casa, con il libro.– Where is the backpack? – It’s at home, with the book.

Words in this lesson

WordMeaningExample
il librobookIl libro è di Marco.
The book is Marco’s.
la casahouse, homeLa casa di Giulia è a Siena.
Giulia’s house is in Siena.
il panebreadIl pane di Bologna è buono.
The bread in Bologna is good.
la nottenightLa notte a Mosca è fredda.
The night in Moscow is cold.
lo studentestudentLo studente parla inglese.
The student speaks English.
lo zainobackpack, rucksackLo zaino è pronto!
The backpack is ready!
l'amicofriend (a man)L'amico di Sara è simpatico.
Sara’s friend is nice.
l'acquawaterL'acqua, per favore!
The water, please!
il caffècoffee; caféIl caffè di Paolo è freddo.
Paolo’s coffee is cold.
la chiavekeyHo la chiave di casa.
I have the house key.
lo zuccherosugarLo zucchero è qui.
The sugar is here.
l'orahour; time (of day)Che ora è?
What time is it?

Exercises

This lesson has 10 exercises in the app:

  • fill the gap: 2
  • multiple choice: 3
  • match the pairs: 1
  • build the sentence: 1
  • translate the sentence: 2
  • listen and type: 1

Try the first one

Complete with the right article: ___ zaino è di Luca.

  1. La
  2. Lo
  3. Il

The answer, the other exercises, the audio and your progress are in the app – free at A0 and A1.