The Spanish alphabet: 27 letters, read as written

The Latin alphabet plus ñ – and a language pronounced exactly as it is spelled.

Spanish uses twenty-seven letters: the twenty-six of English and ñ, which is a letter of its own (año, year, is not ano). Five vowels, each with one sound that never reduces – a e i o u – are the reason Spanish is read the way it is written: once you know the letters, you can pronounce any word you see.

A few letters behave differently from English: h is always silent (hola), j is a throaty h (jamón), g before e or i sounds the same as j (gente), c before e or i is th in Spain and s in Latin America (cena), z is the same, ll and y sound alike (calle), and rr is rolled (perro against pero). The acute accent (á é í ó ú) marks stress or tells two words apart (sí yes, si if); ü appears in a handful of words (pingüino).

Handwriting follows the same stroke order as English, so the chart below is mostly a pronunciation map – tap a letter to see it written and to trace it. The A0 level of the course covers the alphabet, the five vowels, ñ and the accent mark in twelve lessons; A1 opens with greetings and the verb to be.

The chart

Tap a character to watch it being written and to trace it yourself.

Letters

  • Say the five vowels a hundred times – short, pure, never diphthongs. Every other sound is easier after that.
  • Practise the pairs that change meaning: pero/perro, caro/carro, and c/z before e and i in words you know.
  • Read menus and street names aloud. Spanish rewards reading aloud more than almost any language: what you see is what you say.

The lessons that teach it

The A0 level of the course, free: the letters, their sounds and the first words, with the same stroke animations and tracing exercises.

The Spanish Alphabet

Writing the letters and the five vowels that never change.

  1. A to F, and the five vowels
  2. G to M: the letters that change
  3. N to S: ñ and the rolled r
  4. Checkpoint: A to S
  5. Reading, listening and 10 questions

Sounds and First Words

The last letters, the letter pairs, and your first Spanish words.

  1. T to Z: the last letters
  2. The pairs: ch, ll, rr, qu, gu
  3. Your first Spanish words
  4. Checkpoint: the whole alphabet
  5. Reading, listening and 10 questions

The whole course: Learn Spanish together

Questions

Is the Spanish alphabet the same as the English one?
Almost: the same twenty-six letters plus ñ, which is a separate letter with its own place in the dictionary after n. Ch and ll used to be counted as letters and no longer are.
When does a Spanish word carry an accent mark?
When the stress falls where the default rule would not put it – words ending in a vowel, n or s are stressed on the second-to-last syllable, all others on the last – or to distinguish two words that are spelled alike (él he, el the).
Which Spanish pronunciation does the course teach?
A neutral Spanish understood everywhere, pointing out the differences where they matter: the c/z sound, vosotros against ustedes, everyday vocabulary that differs between Spain and Latin America.