Numbers, days and the week in kanji

A third script, and why Japanese needs it

Kana write sound; kanji write meaning. A character such as 山 says “mountain” whatever you call it, which is why the same character serves the native word やま and the borrowed reading さん in a place name. Japanese needs them because the language is full of short words that sound alike: written in kana alone, a sentence has to be read twice; written with kanji, the eye finds the content words at a glance.

KanjiMeaningIn a word
日sun, day日ようび
月moon, month月ようび
火fire火ようび
水water水ようび
木tree, wood木ようび
金gold, metal, money金ようび
土earth, soil土ようび

The numbers you already say, now written

一二三四五六七八九十 are the same numbers you learnt in kana, and the first three are simply that many strokes. They appear on price tags, on floor buttons, in dates and in the names of the days, and they are read exactly as you already read them. Learning them costs nothing but the shapes, because the sounds are already yours.

三月十日は日ようびですThe tenth of March is a Sunday.

金ようびのよるは木のしたであいましょうOn Friday evening let us meet under the tree.

Words in this lesson

WordMeaningExample
一one一まいください
One sheet, please.
二two二人でいきます
The two of us are going.
三three三月にきます
I am coming in March.
日sun, day日ようびはやすみです
Sunday is a day off.
月moon, monthらい月にほんへいきます
I am going to Japan next month.
火fire火ようびにあいましょう
Let us meet on Tuesday.
水water水をたくさんのみます
I drink a lot of water.
木tree, woodこうえんに木がたくさんあります
There are many trees in the park.
金gold, metal, money金ようびのよるはひまです
I am free on Friday evening.
土earth, soil土ようびにこうえんへいきます
On Saturday I go to the park.

Exercises

This lesson has 10 exercises in the app:

  • multiple choice: 3
  • match the pairs: 1
  • fill the gap: 2
  • build the sentence: 2
  • translate the sentence: 1
  • listen and type: 1

Try the first one

Which kanji names the day of water?

  1. 水
  2. 火
  3. 木
  4. 金

The answer, the other exercises, the audio and your progress are in the app – free at A0 and A1.