Nasal vowels: ã, õ, ão and the m at the end

Vowels that go through the nose

Portuguese has nasal vowels: part of the air goes out through the nose while you say the vowel. They are written in two ways. The first is the til: ã, õ, and the pairs ão, ãe, õe – pão (bread), mãe (mother), limões (limes). The second is an m or n that closes the syllable: bom, sim, tempo, onde. That m is not a real m – the lips barely touch, and the vowel before it simply goes through the nose. bom is not “bomm”: it ends in the vowel.

Two letters, one sound: ã with its wave, then o. Say them in one go, through the nose, without a g at the end: pão, não. The most common ending of the language.

ã with its wave, then e. Together they sound like a nasal “eye”: mãe. The same pair makes the plural pães (breads).

õ with its wave, then e: a nasal “oy”. You will see it mostly in plurals: limões, canções, balões.

An m after the vowel at the end of a word: write it fully, but do not say it as a separate m. It only tells you that the o goes through the nose: bom, som.

SpellingSoundWords
ãonasal “ow”pão, não, limão
ãenasal “eye”mãe, pães
õenasal “oy”limões, canções
om, um, im, emnasal vowel, no separate mbom, som, sim, fim
m, n + p, d, tnasal vowel in the middle of a wordtempo, onde
OneSeveral
limãolimões
cançãocanções
balãobalões
pãopães
mãomãos

A mãe compra pão e limão.Mum buys bread and limes.

Words in this lesson

WordMeaningExample
o pãobreadEu compro pão todo dia de manhã.
I buy bread every morning.
a mãemotherMinha mãe mora em Recife.
My mother lives in Recife.
nãono, notNão, hoje não.
No, not today.
o limãolime, lemonUm suco de limão, por favor.
A lime juice, please.
a cançãosongEssa canção é muito bonita.
This song is very beautiful.
o balãoballoonO bebê quer um balão vermelho.
The baby wants a red balloon.
o somsoundO som do mar é tranquilo.
The sound of the sea is calm.
bomgoodO café daqui é bom.
The coffee here is good.
simyes– Você quer água? – Sim, por favor.
– Do you want water? – Yes, please.
o tempotime; weatherHoje eu não tenho tempo.
I don’t have time today.
o fimendO fim do filme é triste.
The end of the film is sad.
ondewhereOnde fica a padaria?
Where is the bakery?

Exercises

This lesson has 10 exercises in the app:

  • multiple choice: 3
  • trace the letter: 3
  • fill the gap: 2
  • match the pairs: 1
  • listen and type: 1

Try the first one

In which word is the vowel nasal because of an m at the end?

  1. mãe
  2. bom
  3. macaco

The answer, the other exercises, the audio and your progress are in the app – free at A0 and A1.